Medieval History: The Last Kingdom of Robin Hood and How to Learn Old Norse During the Lockdown

The medieval period, spanning from roughly the 5th to the 15th century, was a time of both extraordinary upheaval and remarkable cultural growth. From the rise and fall of empires to the spread of religion, the Middle Ages were anything but ordinary. One figure that remains widely known across time is Robin Hood, a legendary outlaw whose tale has been retold in countless books, movies, and plays. But Robin Hood’s story is just a small piece of a much larger medieval puzzle that involves great kingdoms, lost languages, and a profound transformation of society. This article explores the kingdom of Robin Hood, its connections to historical events, and how the medieval language of Old Norse can still be learned today, even in the midst of a global lockdown.

The Last Kingdom: Robin Hood's England

Robin Hood’s tale is set in England during the late 12th century, a period of political and social upheaval. The historical backdrop to the Robin Hood legend coincides with the reign of King Richard the Lionheart (1189–1199) and his brother, King John. At the time, the English monarchy was embroiled in a complex relationship with the French crown, as well as dealing with internal struggles over power and land.

While the Robin Hood legend is often portrayed as a rebellion against the tyranny of Prince John, it’s important to understand the political climate of the era. After the death of King Henry II in 1189, his son Richard ascended to the throne, leaving the kingdom in a precarious position. Richard, who spent much of his reign on crusades, entrusted his brother John with governing in his absence. However, John’s controversial leadership, including his heavy taxation and often oppressive rule, sparked resentment among many of his subjects, particularly the nobility and the common folk.

The myth of Robin Hood, who famously "robbed from the rich and gave to the poor," was born from these turbulent times. In the legend, Robin Hood is often depicted as a nobleman turned outlaw who hides in Sherwood Forest, along with his band of Merry Men. Together, they fight against the injustices of Sheriff of Nottingham and the corrupt rule of Prince John, which serves as both a rallying cry for the oppressed and a symbol of defiance against the established powers.

While Robin Hood’s story is largely mythological, there are historical figures who could have inspired the legend. Some historians believe Robin Hood might have been based on a real outlaw or bandit operating in the 12th century, whose acts of defiance against the crown were later romanticized in popular folklore. Regardless of the truth behind the legend, Robin Hood remains an enduring symbol of resistance, justice, and the fight against inequality. shutdown123